Managing type 1 diabetes is a daily challenge that involves balancing blood glucose (blood sugar) levels, maintaining a healthy diet, and staying active. With so much to juggle, you might wonder if adding vitamins and supplements to your type 1 diabetes treatment plan could help. “What vitamins would give me my energy back?” one myT1Dteam member asked.

Let’s dive into some of the most commonly used supplements and learn what research says about them.

6 Beneficial Supplements

There are several supplements that might benefit people with type 1 diabetes. Although some studies may indicate benefits for certain supplements, it's crucial to consult your doctor before starting any to ensure your safety and make the best choices for your health.

1. Vitamin D

Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune function. It helps your body absorb calcium, which is necessary for maintaining strong bones. Additionally, vitamin D has been linked to better immune-system performance and reduced inflammation, which are important for people with type 1 diabetes.

Research indicates that people with type 1 diabetes often have lower levels of vitamin D. One study found that supplementing with vitamin D could improve insulin sensitivity and help control blood glucose levels. Furthermore, adequate vitamin D levels might reduce the risk of developing complications related to diabetes, such as cardiovascular (heart) diseases. However, further studies must be completed to confirm the link.

2. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Omega-3 fatty acids are crucial for maintaining heart health. Because people with diabetes are at higher risk for heart disease, fish oil is an important supplement to consider.

Some studies have found that omega-3 supplements can lower triglycerides (a type of fat found in the blood) and reduce inflammation in people with type 1 diabetes. For example, research has shown that omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil could positively affect cardiovascular health in individuals with diabetes. However, their impact on blood sugar control is still unclear, as some studies show benefits while others do not.

For those following a plant-based diet or seeking alternatives to fish oil, some plant-based omega-3 supplements may provide similar benefits. Algal oil — derived from algae — provides the same omega-3s found in fish, some researchers have found. Speak with your health care provide for recommendations.

3. Magnesium

Magnesium is involved in many body processes, including glucose metabolism (how the body uses sugar), muscle and nerve function, and bone health. People with diabetes often have lower levels of magnesium, which can affect insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control.

Supplementing with magnesium may help improve insulin sensitivity and lower fasting blood sugar levels. A study in people with type 2 diabetes indicated that magnesium supplementation could improve blood sugar levels and reduce insulin resistance in people with diabetes. Ensuring adequate magnesium intake can also help prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease and hypertension (high blood pressure).

4. Nigella Sativa

Nigella sativa, also known as black seed or black cumin, has been used in traditional medicine for its potential health benefits, including blood sugar regulation.

Some studies suggest that Nigella sativa can help lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. A review in the Journal of Research in Medical Sciences found that black seed oil could be helpful with glycemic control (keeping blood sugar levels in the desired range) in people with diabetes. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and understand the mechanisms involved.

5. Fiber

Fiber is an important part of a healthy diet, helping with digestion and keeping blood sugar levels in check. High-fiber diets can manage blood sugar levels by slowing the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream. According to the American Diabetes Association, soluble and insoluble fiber can help improve blood glucose control and lower cholesterol levels. Soluble fiber dissolves in water, helping to lower blood sugar and cholesterol, while insoluble fiber doesn’t dissolve and helps keep digestion regular.

Fiber is found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. You can also buy fiber supplements over the counter.

6. Probiotics

Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for your digestive system. They are often called “good” or “helpful” bacteria because they help to keep your gut healthy. Some studies suggest that probiotics can help improve blood sugar control and reduce inflammation in people with diabetes. One review indicated that probiotic supplements could positively affect glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. However, more research is needed to understand the best probiotics and the right amount to take.

3 Supplements With Mixed Evidence

There are some supplements with mixed evidence about their benefits for people with type 1 diabetes. More research is needed to understand how these supplements affect diabetes.

1. Alpha-Lipoic Acid

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant sometimes used to help with nerve damage caused by diabetes (diabetic neuropathy). Antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid can help protect the body’s cells from damage caused by free radicals.

Some studies suggest that alpha-lipoic acid can reduce symptoms of neuropathy, such as pain and numbness. Small studies suggest that ALA can help reduce the oxidative stress on the body’s cells and improve insulin sensitivity. Oxidative stress happens when there’s an imbalance between free radicals (unstable molecules that can damage cells) and antioxidants (which protect cells), leading to potential cell damage.

One study from the Saudi Medical Journal even found that after eight weeks of therapy, fasting blood sugar and blood sugar levels after eating were lower in people with type 2 diabetes. These studies were very small, and larger studies would need to be performed to confirm the link in humans.

2. Berberine

Berberine is a compound found in several plants and has been used in traditional medicine for its various health benefits, including blood sugar management.

Some research from the journal Metabolism suggests that berberine can help lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. One study in the journal Metabolism found that berberine was effective in reducing blood glucose levels and improving lipid metabolism (breaking down fat from food) in people with type 2 diabetes.

While most studies focus on type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms suggest potential benefits for type 1 diabetes as well, although more research is needed.

3. Fenugreek

Fenugreek is an herb traditionally used to help manage blood sugar levels. Some studies suggest that fenugreek seeds can help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. According to one study from the Journal of the Association of Physicians in India involving people with type 2 diabetes, fenugreek seeds may improve insulin sensitivity and reduce fasting blood sugar levels. However, more research is needed to fully understand its benefits and how it works.

4 Supplements To Avoid or Use With Caution

The following supplements should be avoided or used with caution. Let your doctor know about any supplements you’ve been taking so they can help ensure they won’t be harmful to your health.

1. Chromium

Chromium is a mineral that is sometimes marketed for diabetes management. It is believed to enhance the performance of insulin and improve glucose metabolism.

While some studies have suggested that chromium supplements can improve blood sugar control, others have found no benefit. For instance, a review in Treatment Strategies for Diabetes concluded that evidence of chromium’s effectiveness in improving glucose control is inconsistent. Moreover, high doses of chromium can cause liver and kidney damage, making it important to use caution and consult with a health care provider before use.

2. Cinnamon

Cinnamon is often touted as a natural way to lower blood sugar levels due to its potential insulin-like effects. Research on cinnamon and diabetes management is mixed.

Some studies suggest there’s a small benefit in lowering blood sugar levels, while others do not show significant effects. The safety of using cinnamon supplements also needs more study. High doses of cinnamon, particularly cassia cinnamon, can harm the liver. Because supplements are not regulated, it can be hard to make sure the dose is safe, so it’s important to be careful with this supplement.

The amount of cinnamon used in recipes is not a cause for concern, so you don’t need to avoid foods made with cinnamon.

3. St. John’s Wort

Saint John's wort is commonly used to treat depression and other conditions. However, it can interact with many medications, including insulin and other diabetes medications.

There’s no evidence that St. John’s wort helps with diabetes management. On the contrary, it can interfere with blood sugar control and other medications, potentially leading to adverse effects. One study from the journal Current Drug Metabolism highlighted numerous drug interactions with St. John’s wort, emphasizing the importance of avoiding this supplement without medical supervision.

4. Biotin

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a supplement often taken for healthy hair, skin, and nails. However, high doses of biotin can interfere with certain lab tests, including those to monitor blood sugar levels.

There’s no strong evidence that biotin benefits blood sugar control in people with diabetes. In fact, taking high doses of biotin can lead to false readings in blood tests, making it harder to manage diabetes effectively. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a warning about biotin interference with lab tests, specifically with testing to check for a possible heart attack, stressing the need for caution.

What Does This All Mean for Type 1 Diabetes?

Although some vitamins and supplements may offer benefits for people with type 1 diabetes, the evidence is often mixed.

Managing type 1 diabetes is complex and requires a multifaceted approach, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and meditation. Supplements could potentially pose a risk for a person with type 1 diabetes using insulin. Even if something is advertised as helping diabetes or has other desired effects, always talk to a doctor or pharmacist before trying any new supplements.

Find Your Team

On myT1Dteam, the social network for people with type 1 diabetes and their loved ones, more than 3,500 members come together to ask questions, give advice, and share their stories with others who understand life with type 1 diabetes.

Are you living with type 1 diabetes? Have you tried any supplements? Share your experience in the comments below, or start a conversation by posting on your Activities page.